2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Neuronal Signaling
  4. Monoamine Oxidase

Monoamine Oxidase

MAO

Monoamine Oxidase

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Monoamine oxidases (MAO) are a family of enzymes that catalyze the oxidation of monoamines. They are found bound to the outer membrane of mitochondria in most cell types in the body. They belong to the protein family of flavin-containing amine oxidoreductases. Monoamine oxidases catalyze the oxidative deamination of monoamines. Oxygen is used to remove an amine group from a molecule, resulting in the corresponding aldehyde and ammonia. Monoamine oxidases contain the covalently bound cofactor FAD and are, thus, classified as flavoproteins. Because of the vital role that MAOs play in the inactivation of neurotransmitters, MAO dysfunction is thought to be responsible for a number of psychiatric and neurological disorders. MAO-A inhibitors act as antidepressant and antianxiety agents, whereas MAO-B inhibitors are used alone or in combination to treat Alzheimer’sand Parkinson’s diseases.

Monoamine Oxidase Isoform Specific Products:

Monoamine Oxidase Isoform Comparison
Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-14536R
    Methylene Blue (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Methylene Blue (Standard) is the analytical standard of Methylene Blue. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Methylene blue (Basic Blue 9) is a guanylyl cyclase (sGC), monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) and NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor. Methylene blue is a vasopressor and is often used as a dye in several medical procedures. Methylene blue through the nitric oxide syntase/guanylate cyclase signalling pathway to reduce prepulse inhibition. Methylene blue is a REDOX cycling compound and able to cross the blood-brain barrier. Methylene blue is a Tau aggregation inhibitor. Methylene blue reduces cerebral edema, attenuated microglial activation and reduced neuroinflammation.
    Methylene Blue (Standard)
  • HY-100027A
    Ro 41-1049 hydrochloride
    		Inhibitor 99.57%
    Ro 41-1049 hydrochloride is a reversible and selective inhibitor of monoamine oxidase-A (MAO-A). An homogeneous population of high affinity binding sites for [3H]Ro 41-1049 is found in membrane preparations from human frontal cortex and placenta (Kd values of 16.5 and 64.4 nM, respectively).
    Ro 41-1049 hydrochloride
  • HY-127109B
    Tisolagiline methylsulfate
    		Inhibitor 99.82%
    Tisolagiline (KDS2010) methylsulfate is the selective, reversible and orally active inhibitor for MAO-B with an IC50 of 8 nM. Tisolagiline methylsulfate exhibits neuroprotective and anti-neuroinflammatory activities.
    Tisolagiline methylsulfate
  • HY-142026
    Vitisin A
    		Inhibitor
    Vitisin A ((+)-Vitisin A) is an orally active natural product with multiple pharmacological activities including anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-oxidant, anti-pathogenic microorganism, hypoglycemic and lipid-regulating, anti-osteoporotic, neuroprotective and cardiovascular protective effects. Vitisin A exhibits inhibitory effects on human AChE and MAO-B with IC50 values of 1.29 µM and 4.94 µM, respectively. Vitisin A inhibits the ERK, MAPK, NF-κB, STAT1, HMGCR and TRAF6 pathways, downregulates the related phosphorylation and protein expression, while activates the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway and upregulates p21 expression. Vitisin A induces tumor cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, inhibits adipogenesis and lipid accumulation, while alleviates oxidative stress, suppresses inflammatory responses, blocks hepatic fibrosis, Cuproptosis and cholesterol synthesis, and increases the expression levels of central BDNF and TrkB. Vitisin A can be used in the research of tumors, infectious diseases, metabolic diseases, bone and joint diseases, liver diseases, skin injuries, as well as neurodegenerative and cognitive dysfunction-related diseases.
    Vitisin A
  • HY-N7598
    Chrysophanol-1-O-β-gentiobioside
    		Inhibitor 99.0%
    Chrysophanol-1-O-β-gentiobioside, an anthraquinone glycoside isolated from Cassia obtusifolia seeds. Chrysophanol-1-O-β-gentiobioside shows selective inhibition of hMAO-A isozyme activity (IC50=96.15 μM).
    Chrysophanol-1-O-β-gentiobioside
  • HY-149408
    MAOA-IN-1
    		Inhibitor 98.24%
    MAOA-IN-1 (compound 15) is an orally active MAOA inhibitor with cytotoxicity against prostate cancer cells. MAOA-IN-1 has Caco-2 permeability and lower CNS permeability. MAOA-IN-1 can be further used in the research of anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory indications.
    MAOA-IN-1
  • HY-Y1750A
    β-Aminopropionitrile hydrochloride
    		Inhibitor 99.76%
    β-Aminopropionitrile (BAPN) hydrochloride is a specific, irreversible and orally active lysyl oxidase (LOX) inhibitor. β-Aminopropionitrile hydrochloride targets the active site of LOX or LOXL isoenzymes.
    β-Aminopropionitrile hydrochloride
  • HY-N0126R
    Xanthone (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Xanthone (Standard) is the analytical standard of Xanthone (HY-N0126). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Xanthone is a monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.84 µM. Xanthon inhibits Norepinephrine (HY-13715) and high-K+-induced vasoconstriction with IC50 values of 60.26 μM and 82.9 μM, respectively. Xanthon increases intracellular cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate (cAMP) content and blocks Ca2+ channels. Xanthone is the scaffold of several pharmacologically active compounds.
    Xanthone (Standard)
  • HY-13339
    Brofaromine
    		Inhibitor 99.60%
    Brofaromine (CGP 11305A) is a monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor with IC50 of 0.2 μM for MAO-A.
    Brofaromine
  • HY-100679
    Pirlindole
    		Inhibitor 98.90%
    Pirlindole is a selective and reversible MAO-A inhibitor. Pirlindole is also an inhibitor of enterovirus-D68 and coxsackievirus B3 (CV-B3).
    Pirlindole
  • HY-W224327A
    Pheniprazine hydrochloride
    		Inhibitor 98.72%
    Pheniprazine hydrochloride is a potent and long acting inhibitor of monoamine oxidase. Pheniprazine has the potential for the research of depression.
    Pheniprazine hydrochloride
  • HY-W015490S
    1,4-Naphthoquinone-d6
    		Inhibitor 99.20%
    1,4-Naphthoquinone-d6 is the deuterium labeled 1,4-Naphthoquinone. 1,4-Naphthoquinone is an inhibitor with broad-spectrum inhibitory activity targeting DNA polymerase, NF-κB and monoamine oxidase (MAO-A/B), with antibacterial and anti-biofilm efficacy. 1,4-Naphthoquinone is a competitive inhibitor of MAO-B (Ki=1.4 μM) and a non-competitive inhibitor of MAO-A (Ki=7.7 μM). 1,4-Naphthoquinone inhibits DNA polymerase pol α, β, γ, δ, ε, λ with IC50 ranging from 5.57-128 μM. 1,4-Naphthoquinone inhibits tumor cell proliferation, induces apoptosis and necrosis, and has anti-angiogenic and anti-inflammatory activities by inducing oxidative stress, depleting glutathione (GSH), inhibiting DNA polymerase-mediated DNA synthesis and blocking NF-κB nuclear translocation. 1,4-Naphthoquinone can be used in anti-bacterial , anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory studies, including inhibition of melanoma and colon cancer cell growth and endothelial cell function, as well as LPS-induced inflammation models.
    1,4-Naphthoquinone-d<sub>6</sub>
  • HY-N8200
    Cassiaside B2
    		Inhibitor 99.68%
    Cassiaside B2 is a protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) and human monoamine oxidase A (hMAO-A) inhibitor. Cassiaside B2 possesses antiallergic and is a 5-HT2C receptor agonist...
    Cassiaside B2
  • HY-W207195
    7-Hydroxy-4-phenylcoumarin
    		Inhibitor
    7-Hydroxy-4-phenylcoumarin is a dual ALDH-2 and MAO inhibitor, with IC50 values of 1.5 and 0.5 µM, respectively.
    7-Hydroxy-4-phenylcoumarin
  • HY-B1083
    Modaline sulfate
    		Inhibitor 99.40%
    Modaline sulfate is a MAO inhibitor, used in the treatment of depression.
    Modaline sulfate
  • HY-14895
    Fabomotizole
    		Inhibitor 99.96%
    Fabomotizole (CM346) is an insecticide with anxiolytic, antianxiety, and neuroprotective activities and a substrate of p-glycoprotein. Fabomotizole inhibits the ST-segment depression induced by isoproterenol in a rat model of acute subendocardial ischemia. Fabomotizole also inhibits Giardia lamblia and has the potential to inhibit giardiasis. Fabomotizole also targets Sigma1R, NRH:quinone reductase 2 (NQO2), and MAO-A to exert anxiolytic effects.
    Fabomotizole
  • HY-14260
    RS 8359
    		Inhibitor
    RS 8359 is a selective and reversible MAO-A inhibitor, with antidepressant activity.
    RS 8359
  • HY-W087433
    Ethyl 7-(diethylamino)-2-oxo-2H-chromene-3-carboxylate
    		Inhibitor 99.78%
    Ethyl 7-(diethylamino)-2-oxo-2H-chromene-3-carboxylate is a potent and selective inhibitor of hMAO-B with an IC50 of 45.52 μM.
    Ethyl 7-(diethylamino)-2-oxo-2H-chromene-3-carboxylate
  • HY-101392S
    Harmane-d1
    		Inhibitor 98.01%
    Harmane-d is the deuterium labeled Harmane. Harmane, a β-Carboline alkaloid (BCA), is a potent neurotoxin that causes severe action tremors and psychiatric manifestations. Harmane shows 1000-fold selectivity for I1-Imidazoline receptor (IC50=30 nM) over α2-adrenoceptor (IC50=18 μM). Harmane is also a potent and selective inhibitor of monoamine oxidase (MAO) (IC50s=0.5 and 5 μM for human MAO A/B, respectively).
    Harmane-d<sub>1</sub>
  • HY-14198
    Selegiline
    		Inhibitor
    Selegiline (Deprenyl) is a potent, selective and irreversible inhibitor of MAO-B, with an IC50 of 51 nM. Selegiline exhibits 450-flod selectivity for MAO-B over MAO-A (IC50=23 μM). Selegiline can be used for the research of Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease and major depressive disorder.
    Selegiline
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity
Monoamine Oxidase Isoform Comparison

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